The effectiveness of mobile application for monitoring diabetes mellitus and hypertension in the adult and elderly population: systematic review and meta-analysis.

CONTEXT: Arterial Hypertension (AH) and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) are diseases that are getting worse all over the world. Linked to this advance, is the growing digital health market with numerous mobile health applications, which aim to help patients and professionals in the proper management of chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, the effectiveness of using mobile health applications in monitoring AH and/or DM in the adult and elderly population. METHODS: The systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Metanalyses guidelines and involved searching five databases - Medline/PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Virtual Library in Health and Cochrane Library. The review included randomized and cohort clinical trials testing the effects of the intervention on changing biochemical parameters and clinical efficacy in people treated for AH and/or DM. The quality of the selected studies was assessed based on the evaluation criteria of the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. The random effects meta-analysis method was used to explain effect distribution between studies, by Stata® software (version 11.0) and publication bias was examined by visual inspection of graphs and Egger test. RESULTS: We included 26 studies in the systematic review and 17 in the meta-analysis. These studies were published between 2014 to 2022 in 14 countries. Were reported improvement in knowledge and self-management of AH and DM, social motivation with treatment and behavioral change, reduction in glycated hemoglobin values, fasting glucose and blood pressure, improvement in adherence to drug treatment, among others. The result of the meta-analysis showed that there is evidence that the use of mobile applications can help reduce glycated hemoglobin by 0.39% compared to the usual care group. CONCLUSIONS: Monitoring and self-monitoring of behaviors and health care related to AH and DM in adults and the elderly through mobile applications, has clinically significant effectiveness in reducing glycated hemoglobin levels. Future studies should provide more evidence and recommendations for best practices and development of digital health interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO. International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews. CRD42022361928.

COVID-19 Infodemic and Impacts on the Mental Health of Older People: Cross-sectional Multicenter Survey Study.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic received widespread media coverage due to its novelty, an early lack of data, and the rapid rise in deaths and cases. This excessive coverage created a secondary "infodemic" that was considered to be a serious public and mental health problem by the World Health Organization and the international scientific community. The infodemic particularly affected older individuals, specifically those who are vulnerable to misinformation due to political positions, low interpretive and critical analysis capacity, and limited technical-scientific knowledge. Thus, it is important to understand older people's reaction to COVID-19 information disseminated by the media and the effect on their lives and mental health. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to describe the profile of exposure to COVID-19 information among older Brazilian individuals and the impact on their mental health, perceived stress, and the presence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). METHODS: This cross-sectional, exploratory study surveyed 3307 older Brazilians via the web, social networks, and email between July 2020 and March 2021. Descriptive analysis and bivariate analysis were performed to estimate associations of interest. RESULTS: Major proportions of the 3307 participants were aged 60 to 64 years (n=1285, 38.9%), female (n=2250, 68.4%), and married (n=1835, 55.5%) and self-identified as White (n=2364, 71.5%). Only 295 (8.9%) had never started or completed a basic education. COVID-19 information was mainly accessed on television (n=2680, 81.1%) and social networks (n=1943, 58.8%). Television exposure was ≥3 hours in 1301 (39.3%) participants, social network use was 2 to 5 hours in 1084 (32.8%) participants, and radio exposure was ≥1 hour in 1223 (37%) participants. Frequency of exposure to social networks was significantly associated with perceived stress (P=.04) and GAD (P=.01). A Bonferroni post hoc test revealed significantly different perceived stress in participants who were exposed to social networks for 1 hour (P=.04) and those who had no exposure (P=.04). A crude linear regression showed that "some" social media use (P=.02) and 1 hour of exposure to social media (P<.001) were associated with perceived stress. Adjusting for sociodemographic variables revealed no associations with this outcome variable. In a crude logistic regression, some social media use (P<.001) and 2 to 5 hours of exposure to social media (P=.03) were associated with GAD. Adjusting for the indicated variables showed that some social network use (P<.001) and 1 hour (P=.04) and 2 to 5 hours (P=.03) of exposure to social media were associated with GAD. CONCLUSIONS: Older people, especially women, were often exposed to COVID-19-related information through television and social networks; this affected their mental health, specifically GAD and stress. Thus, the impact of the infodemic should be considered during anamnesis for older people, so that they can share their feelings about it and receive appropriate psychosocial care.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in children and adolescents before and after stimulant use a systematic review and metanalysis.

BACKGROUND: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with cognitive, social, and academic impairment. Neurotrophins, particularly brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), have been implicated in the pathophysiology of ADHD and response to stimulant treatment. This review aims to investigate the relationship between BDNF levels in ADHD before and after treatment with stimulants in childhood. METHODS: This systematic review followed PRISMA-P guidelines and included 19 studies from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Capes Periodic, and Lilacs databases. The studies were evaluated for risk of bias and level of evidence. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in peripheral BDNF levels in ADHD children before or after methylphenidate treatment. Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference in BDNF levels between children with ADHD and controls. DISCUSSION: Understanding the role of BDNF in ADHD may provide insight into the disorder's pathophysiology and facilitate the development of biological markers for clinical use. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that BDNF levels are not significantly affected by methylphenidate treatment in ADHD children and do not differ from controls. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: "Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in children and adolescents before and after stimulant use: a systematic review". Number CRD42021261519.

O perfil acadêmico dos coordenadores dos cursos de Odontologia brasileiros: uma interface com a Bioética / El perfil académico de los coordinadores de cursos de Odontología brasileños: una interfaz con la Bioética / The academic profile of BrazilianDentistry course coordinators: an interface with Bioethics

As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o Curso de Graduação em Odontologia orientam para uma formação humanista, crítica, reflexiva, e pautada em princípios éticos/bioéticos. Considerando que os coordenadores dos cursos de graduação são fundamentais no processo de formação, foi realizada uma pesquisa nacional, objetivando analisar o perfil acadêmico desses atores. Trata-se de pesquisa transversal, documental, exploratória e analítica. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre junho e julho de 2020, a partir da consulta aos currículos na Plataforma Lattes. Realizaram-se análises descritivas e univariada. Foram analisados os currículos dos coordenadores dos 446 cursos de Odontologia em atividade no Brasil. Destes, 53,0% eram do sexo masculino; 94,2% formados em Odontologia; 81,2% possuíam pelo menos uma especialização, 89,5% mestrado e 52,0% doutorado; 0,4% possuíam especialização em bioética e 0,7% em odontologia legal; 0,7% possuíam mestrado em odontologia legal; 11,7% já haviam lecionado disciplinas nas áreas de ética (deontológica e bioética); 3,8% participavam de projetos de pesquisa e 2,0% de projetos de extensão relacionados à ética; e 6,1% tinham publicações relacionadas à deontologia, ética e/ou bioética. Conclui-se que a maioria dos coordenadores possui cursos de especialização e mestrado, e pouco mais da metade possui doutorado. No entanto, poucos têm alguma formação nas áreas de ética e/ou bioética, ou apresentam projetos de extensão e pesquisa nesses campos do conhecimento (AU).

Las Directrices Curriculares Nacionales para los Cursos de Pregrado en Odontología prevén una formación humanística, crítica, y reflexiva basada en principios éticos/bioéticos. Considerando que los coordinadores de los cursos de pregrado son fundamentales en el proceso de formación, se realizó una pesquisa nacional para analizar el perfil académico de esos profesionales. Se trata de una investigación transversal, documental, exploratoria, y analítica. La colecta de datos se realizó entre junio y julio de 2020, a partir de la consulta de planes de estudio en la Plataforma Lattes. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y univariados. Fueron analizados los currículos de los coordinadores de los 446 cursos de Odontología activos en Brasil. De los mismos, 53,0% eranhombres; 94,2% eran graduados en Odontología; 81,2% tenían por lo menos una especialización, 89,5% maestría y 52,0% doctorado; 0,4% tenían especialización en Bioética, y 0,7% en Odontología Legal; 11,7% ya había impartido asignaturas en las áreas de ética(deontológica y bioética); 3,8% participaba en proyectos de investigación, y 2,0% en proyectos de extensión relacionados con la ética; 6,1% tenía publicaciones relacionadas con la deontología, la ética y/o la bioética. Se concluye que la mayoría de los coordinadores tienen títulos de especialización y maestría, y poco más de la mitad tienen un doctorado. No obstante, pocos tienen formación en las áreas de ética y/o bioética, o presentan proyectos de extensión e investigación en estos campos del conocimiento (AU).

The National Curriculum Guidelines for the Undergraduate Course in Dentistry guide towards for humanistic, critical, and reflective education, with activities based on ethical/bioethical principles. Considering that undergraduate course coordinators are essential in conducting the education process, a nationwide study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the academic profile of these actors. This is a cross-sectional, documentary, exploratory, and analytical study. The data collection was carried out between June and July 2020, from the consultation of curricula on the Lattes Platform. Descriptive and univariate analyses were performed. The curricula of the coordinators from 446 Dentistry courses in activity in Brazil were analyzed. Of these, 53.0% were male; 94.2% graduated in Dentistry; 81.2% had at least one specialization, 89.5% had a master's degree, and 52.0% had a doctorate; 0.4% had a specialization in bioethics and 0.7% in legal dentistry; 11.7% had already lectured subjects in ethics (deontology and bioethics); 3.8% had participated in research projects, and 2.0% in extension projects related to ethics; while 6.1% had publications related to deontology, ethics, and/or bioethics. It is concluded that most coordinators have specialization and master's degrees, and just over half have a doctorate. However, few have some training in the areas of ethics and/or bioethics, or have extension and research projects in these fields of knowledge (AU).

Prevalence of Excessive Iodine Intake in Pregnancy and Its Health Consequences: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The objective was to estimate the prevalence of excessive iodine intake in pregnant women and to investigate the consequences for maternal-fetal health. The systematic review was based on PRISMA. The search was conducted in September 2021 in LILACS, PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Direct, and SCOPUS databases. Observational studies that assessed excessive nutritional iodine status in pregnancy diagnosed by urinary iodine concentration and associated it with biomarkers of thyroid health function were included. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of biased evaluation were performed independently. Meta-analysis was calculated using a fixed and random effect model, and heterogeneity was assessed by the chi-square test. Meta-regressions were performed to identify the causes of heterogeneity using the Knapp and Hartung test. Nine studies were included in the systematic review, and eight in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of excessive iodine intake in 10,736 pregnant women in different regions of the world was 52%. The main implications for pregnant women were hypothyroxinemia, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism. For the newborn, macrosomia and thyroid dysfunction. In addition, drinking water with high iodine intake contributed to excessive iodine intake. Therefore, the prevalence of iodine excess was 52%, with high heterogeneity among studies, explained by trimester of gestation and FT4 level; therefore, the farther the trimester of gestation and the lower the FT4, the higher the prevalence of iodine excess. PROSPERO Registration: CRD420206467 ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=206467 ).

Bioética na odontologia: o que pensam os coordenadores dos cursos / Bioethics teaching in dentistry as seen by course coordinators / Bioética en odontología: qué piensan los coordinadores de las carreras

Resumo Este artigo analisa a importância que coordenadores dos cursos de odontologia brasileiros atribuem ao ensino da bioética e sua opinião sobre o perfil desejável para egressos desse curso. Trata-se de estudo exploratório, descritivo e transversal realizado com 130 coordenadores de cursos de odontologia brasileiros no qual foram realizadas análises descritivas e análise de conteúdo de Bardin. A grande maioria dos participantes atribui importância à bioética em diferentes situações e 23,8% deles consideram um perfil adequado o profissional com postura ética e humanizada, reflexivo e com competência técnica. A bioética está sendo inserida na matriz curricular dos cursos de odontologia, e a maioria dos coordenadores a considera importante em diferentes situações, mas nem todos os gestores entendem o que ela contempla.

Abstract This article analyzes the importance dentistry course coordinators attribute to bioethics teaching and their opinion on the expected graduate profile. An exploratory, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 130 coordinators of Brazilian dentistry courses. Data underwent descriptive analysis and Bardin's content analysis. Most participants attribute importance to bioethics teaching in different situations and 23.8% considered a professional with an ethical and humanized attitude, who is reflective and technically competent as a suitable profile. Dentistry courses are increasingly including bioethics in their curricula, and although most coordinators consider it important, not all understand its principles.

Resumen Este artículo analiza la importancia que los coordinadores de las carreras de Odontología en Brasil atribuyen a la enseñanza de la bioética y su opinión sobre el perfil deseable para los graduados de esta carrera. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y transversal, realizado con 130 coordinadores de las carreras de Odontología de Brasil en el que se llevaron a cabo análisis descriptivos y análisis de contenido de Bardin. La mayoría de los participantes considera que la bioética es importante en diferentes situaciones, y el 23,8% de ellos estiman que un profesional con actitud ética y humanizada, reflexivo y técnicamente competente es un perfil adecuado. La bioética se está incluyendo en el plan de estudios de las carreras de Odontología, y la mayoría de los coordinadores la consideran importante en diferentes situaciones, pero no todos los directores entienden su alcance.

Assessing the burden of family caregivers of cancer patients: a cross-sectional study / Avaliação da sobrecarga de familiares cuidadores de pacientes com câncer: estudo transversal / Evaluación de la carga de los cuidadores familiares de pacientes con câncer

Objective: Evaluate the burden of family caregivers of cancer patients in a Brazilian oncology hospital. Method: Quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional research conducted in a Brazilian oncology hospital, located in Minas Gerais. Data collection occurred through the application of a questionnaire containing sociodemographic questions, and the Zarit scale, which assesses the degree of burden of caregivers, was used. Inclusion criteria were family car-egivers over 18, whose family member had a diagnosis of cancer, and who was involved in caregiving. The association between burden and the explanatory variables was performed from the multiple linear regression model. The program SPSS version 20 was used to perform the analyses. Results: Among the 125 individuals interviewed, the majority were under 38 years old, 66.4% were female, 45.6% were children, and 22.4% were spouses. The time of care varied from six months (39.2%) to two years (21.6%), and 80% of the interviewed individuals acted directly in the care of the ill person; 97.6% did not present overload. Conclusions: The caregivers, in general, did not present overload; however, it was verified reduction in the quality of life of these caregivers when the questions of the Zarit scale referring to the psychological and social relations domains, separately, were analyzed. (AU)

Objetivo: Avaliar a sobrecarga dos familiares cuidadores de pacientes com câncer num hospital oncológico brasileiro. Método: Pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva e transversal, realizada em um hospital oncológico brasileiro, localizado em Minas Gerais. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio da aplicação de um questionário contendo perguntas socio-demográficas e foi utilizada a escala de Zarit, que avalia o grau de sobrecarga dos cuidadores. Os critérios de inclusão foram familiares cuidadores acima de 18 anos, cujo membro da família tivesse o diagnóstico de câncer 2https://www.revistas.usp.br/rmrpAssessment of the burden of family caregiverse que estivesse envolvido no cuidado. A associação entre sobrecarga e as variáveis explicativas foi realizada a par-tir do modelo de regressão linear múltipla. O programa SPSS versão 20 foi utilizado para a realização das análises. Resultados: Dentre os 125 indivíduos entrevistados, a maioria possuía menos de 38 anos, 66,4% eram do sexo feminino, 45,6% eram filhos e 22,4% cônjuges. O tempo de prestação de cuidados variou de seis meses (39,2%) a dois anos (21,6%) e 80% dos entrevistados atuavam diretamente nos cuidados, 80% atuavam diretamente nos cuidados do ente adoecido, 97,6% não apresentaram sobrecarga. Conclusões: Os cuidadores, de uma forma geral, não apresentaram sobrecarga, porém, constatou-se uma redução na qualidade de vida destes cuidadores, quando analisadas as questões da escala Zarit referentes aos domínios psicológico e de relações sociais, isoladamente. (AU)

Objetivo: Evaluar la carga de los cuidadores familiares de pacientes con cáncer en un hospital oncológico brasileño. Método: Investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva y transversal, realizada en un hospital oncológico brasileño, ubicado en Minas Gerais. La recogida de datos se realizó mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario con preguntas sociodemográficas y se utilizó la escala de Zarit, que evalúa el grado de carga de los cuidadores. Los criterios de inclusión fueron los cuidadores familiares mayores de 18 años, cuyo miembro de la familia había sido diagnosticado de cáncer y estaba involucrado en el cuidado. La asociación entre la carga y las variables explicativas se realizó a partir del modelo de regresión lineal múltiple. Se utilizó el programa SPSS versión 20 para realizar los análisis. Resultados: Entre las 125 personas entrevistadas, la mayoría tenía menos de 38 años, el 66,4% eran mujeres, el 45,6% eran hijos y el 22,4% cónyuges. El tiempo de atención varió de seis meses (39,2%) a dos años (21,6%) y el 80% de los entrevistados actuó directamente en el cuidado del enfermo, el 97,6% no presentó sobrecarga. Conclusiones: Los cuidadores, en general, no presentaron sobrecarga, sin embargo, se verificó una reducción en la calidad de vida de estos cuidadores cuando se analizaron las preguntas de la escala de Zarit referidas a los dominios psicológico y de relaciones sociales, por separado. (AU)

Low-grade albuminuria and its relationship with cardiovascular disease risk in hypertensive and diabetic patients in primary health care.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence of LGA and the relationship with the 10-year risk of a cardiovascular event in hypertensive and diabetic patients in Primary Health Care. STUDY DESIGN: The study design used is cross-sectional. METHODS: This study was based on the application of questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory tests carried out from August 2017 to April 2018. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the odds ratio of the explanatory variables in relation to the highest tercile of LGA. The Framingham risk score was used to assess the 10-year risk of cardiovascular event. The comparison of this score with the LGA terciles was analyzed using ANOVA. RESULTS: An increase in the 10-year risk of cardiovascular event score was observed with an increasing LGA tercile, and this pattern prevailed after adjusting for confounding variables. CONCLUSION: An association between LGA and the 10-year risk of cardiovascular event was observed in a representative sample of hypertensive and diabetic patients.

Effect of the Surgical Safety Checklist on the incidence of adverse events: contributions from a national study.

OBJECTIVE: the study evaluated the effect of using the safe surgery checklist (CL) on the incidence of adverse events (AE). METHODS: cross-sectional and retrospective research with 851 patients undergoing surgical procedures in 2012 (n=428) and 2015 (n=423), representing the periods before and after CL implantation. The AE incidences for each year were estimated and compared. The association between the occurrence of AE and the presence of CL in the medical record was analyzed. RESULTS: a reduction in the point estimate of AE was observed from 13.6% (before using the CL) to 11.8% (with the use of the CL). The difference between the proportions of AE in the periods before and after the use of CL was not significant (p=0.213). The occurrence of AE showed association with the following characteristics: anesthetic risk of the patient, length of stay, surgery time and classification of the procedure according to the potential for contamination. Considering the proportion of deaths, there was a significant reduction in deaths (p=0.007) in patients whose CL was used when compared to those without the use of the instrument. There was no significant association between the presence of CL and the occurrence of AE. It was concluded that the presence of CL in the medical record did not guarantee an expected reduction in the incidence of AE. CONCLUSION: however, it is believed that the use of the instrument integrated with other patient safety strategies can improve the safety/quality of surgical care in the long term.

The effectiveness of the use of telehealth programs in the care of individuals with hypertension and, or diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension are some of the main Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases, representing a big challenge for global health. In this context, Telehealth programs are presented as a tool with exciting potential to complement and support health care. This paper aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the use of Telehealth programs in the care of individuals with Hypertension and/or Diabetes Mellitus. METHODS: A systematic review with meta-analysis was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol methodology. The following databases were used: PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, ScienceDirect and Cochrane Library. Papers were included if they addressed the use of technologies that allow two-way communication at a distance between health professionals and patients affected by Hypertension and/or Diabetes Mellitus, type 1 or type 2. Experimental, cross-sectional, case-control, cohort, and clinical trials were included in the review. RESULTS: We included 164 papers in the review and 45 in the meta-analysis final synthesis. The systematic review results showed a prevalence of telemonitoring as the main form of Telehealth. The study showed a reduction in expenses with the use of Telehealth, both for the users and for the health systems providers, followed by greater satisfaction. Our meta-analysis showed that Telehealth is an effective tool in the care of diabetic patients, providing a 0.353% reduction in HbA1c compared to traditional care. No studies on Hypertension that met our eligibility criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis were found. CONCLUSIONS: Telehealth is an effective tool for the care of people with Diabetes Mellitus and/or Hypertension.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between uric acid levels and chronic kidney disease.

The function of uric acid (UA) in the genesis and evolution of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has motivated numerous studies, but the results remain inconclusive. We sought to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies aiming to analyze the association of UA levels with the incidence and progression of CKD. Pubmed/Medline, Lilacs/Bireme and Web of Science were searched to identify eligible studies, following the PRISMA protocol. Data were presented for CKD incidence and progression separately. For the meta-analysis, studies with data stratified by subgroups according to serum UA levels were selected. The inverse variance-weighted random effects model was used to generate a combined effect estimate. Meta-regressions were performed to identify the causes of heterogeneity. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias. The publication bias was tested by funnel plot and Egger's test. Eighteen CKD incidence studies (n = 398,663) and six CKD progression studies (n = 13,575) were included. An inverse relationship was observed between UA levels and protection from CKD incidence and progression. Lower UA levels were protective for the risk of CKD incidence (RR 0.65 [95% CI 0.56-0.75]) and progression (RR 0.55 [95% CI 0.44-0.68]). UA seems to be implicated both in the genesis of CKD and its evolution.

Prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in prisons: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: In the context of prisons, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major problem. In this article, we estimate the prevalence of MDR-TB among the population deprived of freedom from countries in South America, Europe, Asia and Africa. METHODS: The articles were retrieved through systematic search at four databases (EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS and MEDILINE). The meta-analysis was developed by the random effect model, using the Mantel-Haenszel method, with presentation of the aggregated results through the forest plot. The degree of heterogeneity between the studies was verified using Cochran's Q test and I2. RESULTS: Of the 102 articles analyzed, 21 were included in this systematic review. The analysis showed heterogeneity indicated by the Q test (P â€‹< â€‹0.001) and I2 statistics (I2 â€‹= â€‹50.52%). The funnel graph and Egger test (P â€‹< â€‹0.830) showed symmetry between investigations. The grouped prevalence of MDR-TB was 0.48% (95% CI: 0.02 to 1.32), advancing to 1.15 (95% CI: 0.15 to 2.73) when culture and sensitivity test were considered by the authors. No specific characteristics were significantly associated with differences in prevalence rates in the population deprived of freedom. CONCLUSION: The study reaffirms the magnitude of MDR-TB in the population deprived of freedom in the world context. Political and technical-scientific efforts should be mobilized to mitigate TB and MDR-TB in prisons and for successful national and international disease control programs.

Effect of the Surgical Safety Checklist on the incidence of adverse events: contributions from a national study / Efeito do Checklist de cirurgia segura na incidência de eventos adversos: contribuições de um estudo nacional

ABSTRACT Objective: the study evaluated the effect of using the safe surgery checklist (CL) on the incidence of adverse events (AE). Methods: cross-sectional and retrospective research with 851 patients undergoing surgical procedures in 2012 (n=428) and 2015 (n=423), representing the periods before and after CL implantation. The AE incidences for each year were estimated and compared. The association between the occurrence of AE and the presence of CL in the medical record was analyzed. Results: a reduction in the point estimate of AE was observed from 13.6% (before using the CL) to 11.8% (with the use of the CL). The difference between the proportions of AE in the periods before and after the use of CL was not significant (p=0.213). The occurrence of AE showed association with the following characteristics: anesthetic risk of the patient, length of stay, surgery time and classification of the procedure according to the potential for contamination. Considering the proportion of deaths, there was a significant reduction in deaths (p=0.007) in patients whose CL was used when compared to those without the use of the instrument. There was no significant association between the presence of CL and the occurrence of AE. It was concluded that the presence of CL in the medical record did not guarantee an expected reduction in the incidence of AE. Conclusion: however, it is believed that the use of the instrument integrated with other patient safety strategies can improve the safety/quality of surgical care in the long term.

RESUMO Objetivo: o estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito da utilização do checklist (CL) de cirurgia segura na incidência de eventos adversos (EA). Método: pesquisa transversal e retrospectiva com 851 pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos nos anos de 2012 (n=428) e 2015 (n=423), representando os períodos antes e após a implantação do CL. As incidências de EA para cada ano foram estimadas e posteriormente comparadas. Também foi analisada a associação entre a ocorrência do EA e a presença do CL no prontuário. Resultados: observou-se uma redução na estimativa pontual de EA de 13,6% (antes do uso do CL) para 11,8% (com a utilização do CL). No entanto, a diferença entre as proporções de EA nos períodos antes e após a utilização do CL não foi significativa (p=0,213). A ocorrência do EA mostrou associação significativa às seguintes características: risco anestésico do paciente, tempo de internação, tempo de cirurgia e classificação do procedimento segundo o potencial de contaminação. Considerando a proporção de óbitos ocorridos nas amostras, observou-se uma redução significativa de mortes (p=0,007) em pacientes cujo CL foi utilizado quando comparados aqueles sem o uso do instrumento. Não foi verificada associação significativa entre a presença do CL no prontuário e a ocorrência do EA de forma geral. Conclusão: a presença do CL no prontuário não garantiu uma redução esperada na incidência de EA. No entanto, acredita-se que o uso do instrumento integrado às demais estratégias de segurança do paciente possa melhorar a segurança/qualidade da assistência cirúrgica em longo prazo.

Optimal Cutoff of the TG/HDL-c ratio for Cardiovascular Risk in Hypertensive and Diabetic Patients Monitored by Primary Health Care in a city in Minas Gerais

Abstract Background The analysis of the atherogenic potential of the lipid profile for biomarkers, such as the TG/HDL-c ratio, predicts cardiovascular risk better than isolated lipids. Objective To identify the TG/HDL-c cutoff points for multiple risks (hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, obesity) and to evaluate the association between sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, anthropometric, and life habit variables and the TG/HDL-c ratio in hypertensive and/or diabetic individuals in the context of Primary Health Care. Methods This was a cross-sectional study with 833 hypertensive and/or diabetic patients, conducted between August 2017 and April 2018. The cutoff point of the TG/HDL-c were obtained by the ROC curve. Cardiovascular risk was discriminated by TG/HDL-c, categorized by the cutoff and evaluated in relation to multiple risks. The magnitude of the association between TG/HDL-c and independent variables was estimated by logistic regression. The significance level of p<0.05 was adopted for all tests. Results The cutoff values of TG/HDL-c (3.26 for men and 2.72 for women) were more sensitive and less specific than those in the literature. Women (OR=1.90 and 95% CI 1.13-3.20) and men (OR=4.58 and 95% CI 1.78-11.76) with multiple risks, and white men, alcohol users, with a history of stroke, had a higher chance of altered GT/HDL-c. Increases in glycosylated hemoglobin, glycemia, and phosphorus in women, and cholesterol, glycemia, and microalbuminuria in men increased the chances of altered TG/HDL-c. Being a former smoker and black reduced the chance of altered TG/HDL-c in women. Conclusions TG/HDL-c proved to be a good indicator for habitual use in Primary Care.

Perception of the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System in the Zona da Mata Mineira region of Brazil: A qualitative approach.

This work is a qualitative exploratory survey that aims to identify healthcare workers and skilled professionals' perceptions of the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System in the Zona da Mata Mineira region of Brazil. Data analysis was carried out through content analysis; testimonials were extracted from semi-structured interviews via the qualitative data processing software Interface de R pour lês Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires version 0.7 alpha 2. A total of 41 people were interviewed, including primary healthcare center coordinators, and technical consultants at the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System, as well as nutritionists and data entry clerks. The issues most mentioned during interviews were related to lack of anthropometric equipment, absence of transportation, and inadequate facilities. Regarding the work process, professionals identified scarce training and nonuse of the data collected for healthcare decision-making as factors that compromise desired system outcomes. System qualities were also recognized, especially the mapping of main nutritional issues in the region. The participants reported the need for greater efforts to raise awareness of the importance of Food and Nutrition Surveillance actions at all levels of the public healthcare system. They also highlighted the need for human resources training, higher quality data recording, and suitable facilities. Investments in the entire system are essential to strengthen the information-decision-making-action triad, which would result in the improvement of users' health indicators.

Low-grade albuminuria in adult and elderly individuals with diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension accompanied by Primary Health Care.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and arterial hypertension (AH) are the two main clinical conditions related to Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD); disease also identify by the levels of low-grade albuminuria (LGA). Few studies have simultaneously investigated the associations of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) with LGA. Our study aimed to investigate and compare the association of HbA1c and FPG with the probability of LGA in adult and elderly individuals with DM and AH, within the scope of Primary Health Care (PHC). Cross-sectional study involving 737 Brazilians individuals previously diagnosed with hypertension and/or diabetes. Tests for HbA1c, FPG and LGA were performed. LGA was defined as the highest quartile of albumin urinary (≥ 13 mg/g) among individuals with urinary LGA < 30 mg / g. A significant increase in the prevalence of LGA was found with increasing levels of HbA1c (p < 0.001). There was a significant association of HbA1c with LGA (p < 0.001) and increased probability of LGA for participants with HbA1c ≥ 6.5% compared to those with Hba1c < 5.7% (OR [95% CI]: 2.43 [1.32-4.46], p < 0.05), after adjusting for confounding factors, except when adjusted for FPG (p = 0.379 and p = 0.359, respectively). HbA1c and FPG were significantly associated in a collinear manner with an increased probability of LGA in adult and elderly individuals with DM and AH.

Hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and associated factors in individuals with arterial hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus.

Cardiovascular diseases are among the main causes of death in Brazil and worldwide. The literature indicates the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (HTWP) as an accessible alternative for the identification of cardiovascular and metabolic risk. The present study aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with HTWP in individuals diagnosed with arterial hypertension (AH) and/or diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). A cross-sectional study was conducted with individuals diagnosed with AH and/or DM2. The study data were collected through semi-structured interviews containing socio-demographic information, lifestyle, health care, in addition to anthropometric assessment, blood pressure measurement and biochemical blood tests. The prevalence of HTWP was estimated and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the factors associated with HTWP. Of the 788 individuals analysed, 21⋅5 % had the HTWP. In the adjusted model, the following variables remained associated with a greater chance of presenting HTWP: sex, age, body mass index (BMI) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). Being female increased the chance of HTWP by 7⋅7 times (OR 7⋅7; 95 % CI 3⋅9, 15⋅2). The one-year increase in age increased the chance of HTWP by 4 % (OR 1⋅04; 95 % CI 1⋅02, 1⋅06). The addition of 1 mg/dl of VLDL-c increased the chance of HTWP by 15 % (odds ratio (OR) 1⋅15; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1⋅12, 1⋅18), as well as the increase of 1 kg/m2 in the BMI increased the chance of this condition by 20 % (OR 1⋅20; 95 % CI 1⋅15, 1⋅27). The prevalence of HTWP was associated with females, older age, higher BMI, higher VLDL-c and risk waist/height ratio.

Necesidades de cuidado dentro del hospital del cuidador de personas con cancer / Care Needs of Caregivers of Patients with Cancer during Inpatient Stay

Introducción: La existencia de un paciente con cáncer en el seno de la familia implica desafíos y lleva a una necesidad de reorganización de la dinámica familiar para la prestación de cuidados, lo que puede provocar la negligencia de los auto-cuidados del cuidador, además de las necesidades de segundarización dentro del hospital, durante la hospitalización del ente enfermo. Objetivo: comprender qué cuidados los familiares cuidadores de personas con cáncer gustarían recibir en el hospital. Materiales y Métodos: estudio cualitativo, realizado en un hospital de cáncer de Brasil, con 14 familiares, en 2019. Las entrevistas fueron cerradas en el momento en que existía la saturación de datos y analizadas por la técnica de Análisis de Contenido. La investigación cumple con los aspectos éticos. Resultados: la primera categoría reveló el acogimiento, las competencias de actitud del equipo, la asistencia psicológica y la casa de apoyo como medidas importantes que la institución ofrece a los cuidadores. La segunda categoría mostró qué cuidados los familiares gustarían recibir, y los testimonios revelaron la transferencia del cuidado de sí mismo a los demás, y aún las demandas de cuidado físico, espiritual y psicológico. Discusión: es evidente que existe un acercamiento entre lo que el cuidador espera de la institución estudiada como cuidado de sí mismo, con la asistencia ofrecida. Conclusiones: el estudio señala la necesidad de planificar estrategias de apoyo a los familiares cuidadores en el entorno hospitalario, además de grupos de apoyo interdisciplinario y apoyo psicológico continuo.

Introduction: Having a patient with cancer in the family entails challenges leading to a need to reorganize family dynamics to provide care, which may result in neglecting caregiver's self-care and their needs at the hospital during inpatient stay. Objective: To understand how family caregivers would like to be cared for during hospital stay. Materials and Methods: A qualitative research was conducted with 14 family members in a Brazilian oncology hospital in 2019. Interviews were ended upon data saturation and later analyzed using the Content analysis method. Ethical aspects were considered in this research. Results: The first category showed that welcoming, attitudinal competencies of the healthcare team, psychological support and home support are considered important measures that healthcare centers can provide caregivers. The second category identified how family members would like to be cared for through interviews, revealing care transference from oneself to the care of another, as well as physical, spiritual and psychological care demands. Discussion: Our understanding is that care expectations of caregivers in the above healthcare center are close to the actual assistance offered to them. Conclusions: A need for planning support strategies for family caregivers during inpatient stay has been pointed out in this study, in addition to the importance of interdisciplinary support groups and continuous psychological support that cover family members as part of these care programs.

Introdução: A existência de um doente com câncer no seio familiar implica em desafios e conduz a uma necessidade de reorganização da dinâmica familiar para prestação de cuidados, o que pode ocasionar, na negligência do autocuidado do cuidador, além da secundarização das necessidades deste no âmbito hospitalar, durante internação do ente adoecido. O objetivo é compreender como os familiares cuidadores de pessoas com câncer gostariam de ser cuidados no cenário hospitalar. Materiais e Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, realizada em um hospital oncológico brasileiro, com 14 familiares, em 2019. As entrevistas foram encerradas no momento em que houve saturação de dados, e analisadas pela técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. A pesquisa respeitou os aspectos éticos. Resultados: a primeira categoria revelou que o acolhimento, competências atitudinais da equipe, acompanhamento psicológico e a casa de apoio como medidas importantes que a instituição oferece aos cuidadores. A segunda categoria apresentou como os familiares gostariam de ser cuidados, e os depoimentos revelaram a transferência do cuidado de si para o outro, e ainda demandas de cuidado no âmbito físico, espiritual e psicológico. Discussão: depreende-se que existe uma aproximação entre o que o cuidador espera da instituição estudada como cuidado para si, com a assistência que lhe é oferecida. Conclusões: O estudo apontou para a necessidade de planejamento de estratégias de apoio aos familiares cuidadores no âmbito hospitalar, além de grupos de apoio interdisciplinares e suporte psicológico contínuo, incluindo os familiares no plano de cuidados.

Necesidades de cuidado dentro del hospital del cuidador de personas con cancer / Care Needs of Caregivers of Patients with Cancer during Inpatient Stay / Necessidades de cuidado no âmbito hospitalar do cuidador de pessoas com câncer

Resumen Introducción La existencia de un paciente con cáncer en el seno de la familia implica desafíos y lleva a una necesidad de reorganización de la dinámica familiar para la prestación de cuidados, lo que puede provocar la negligencia de los auto-cuidados del cuidador, además de las necesidades de segundarización dentro del hospital, durante la hospitalización del ente enfermo. Objetivo comprender qué cuidados los familiares cuidadores de personas con cáncer gustarían recibir en el hospital. Materiales y Métodos estudio cualitativo, realizado en un hospital de cáncer de Brasil, con 14 familiares, en 2019. Las entrevistas fueron cerradas en el momento en que existía la saturación de datos y analizadas por la técnica de Análisis de Contenido. La investigación cumple con los aspectos éticos. Resultados la primera categoría reveló el acogimiento, las competencias de actitud del equipo, la asistencia psicológica y la casa de apoyo como medidas importantes que la institución ofrece a los cuidadores. La segunda categoría mostró qué cuidados los familiares gustarían recibir, y los testimonios revelaron la transferencia del cuidado de sí mismo a los demás, y aún las demandas de cuidado físico, espiritual y psicológico. Discusión es evidente que existe un acercamiento entre lo que el cuidador espera de la institución estudiada como cuidado de sí mismo, con la asistencia ofrecida. Conclusiones el estudio señala la necesidad de planificar estrategias de apoyo a los familiares cuidadores en el entorno hospitalario, además de grupos de apoyo interdisciplinario y apoyo psicológico continuo.

Abstract Introduction Having a patient with cancer in the family entails challenges leading to a need to reorganize family dynamics to provide care, which may result in neglecting caregiver's self-care and their needs at the hospital during inpatient stay. Objective To understand how family caregivers would like to be cared for during hospital stay. Materials and Methods A qualitative research was conducted with 14 family members in a Brazilian oncology hospital in 2019. Interviews were ended upon data saturation and later analyzed using the Content analysis method. Ethical aspects were considered in this research. Results The first category showed that welcoming, attitudinal competencies of the healthcare team, psychological support and home support are considered important measures that healthcare centers can provide caregivers. The second category identified how family members would like to be cared for through interviews, revealing care transference from oneself to the care of another, as well as physical, spiritual and psychological care demands. Discussion Our understanding is that care expectations of caregivers in the above healthcare center are close to the actual assistance offered to them. Conclusions A need for planning support strategies for family caregivers during inpatient stay has been pointed out in this study, in addition to the importance of interdisciplinary support groups and continuous psychological support that cover family members as part of these care programs.

Resumo Introdução A existência de um doente com câncer no seio familiar implica em desafios e conduz a uma necessidade de reorganização da dinâmica familiar para prestação de cuidados, o que pode ocasionar, na negligência do autocuidado do cuidador, além da secundarização das necessidades deste no âmbito hospitalar, durante internação do ente adoecido. O objetivo é compreender como os familiares cuidadores de pessoas com câncer gostariam de ser cuidados no cenário hospitalar. Materiais e Métodos pesquisa qualitativa, realizada em um hospital oncológico brasileiro, com 14 familiares, em 2019. As entrevistas foram encerradas no momento em que houve saturação de dados, e analisadas pela técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. A pesquisa respeitou os aspectos éticos. Resultados a primeira categoria revelou que o acolhimento, competências atitudinais da equipe, acompanhamento psicológico e a casa de apoio como medidas importantes que a instituição oferece aos cuidadores. A segunda categoria apresentou como os familiares gostariam de ser cuidados, e os depoimentos revelaram a transferência do cuidado de si para o outro, e ainda demandas de cuidado no âmbito físico, espiritual e psicológico. Discussão depreende-se que existe uma aproximação entre o que o cuidador espera da instituição estudada como cuidado para si, com a assistência que lhe é oferecida. Conclusões O estudo apontou para a necessidade de planejamento de estratégias de apoio aos familiares cuidadores no âmbito hospitalar, além de grupos de apoio interdisciplinares e suporte psicológico contínuo, incluindo os familiares no plano de cuidados.

Data quality and arbovirus infection associated factors in pregnant and non-pregnant women of childbearing age in Brazil: A surveillance database analysis.

The dengue surveillance system in Brazil has registered changes in the disease's morbidity and mortality profile over successive epidemics. Vulnerable groups, such as pregnant women, have been particularly hard hit. This study assessed the quality of notifications of dengue cases among pregnant women and non-pregnant women of childbearing age in Brazil, in addition to discussing the factors associated with arbovirus infection in the group of pregnant women. We carried out a retrospective study of cases registered in the national arbovirus surveillance system between 2007 and 2017. The indicator for assessing quality was incompleteness. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between dengue during pregnancy and sociodemographic, epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory variables. The incompleteness of the data in the notification form for dengue cases in women of childbearing age and pregnant women indicates a significant loss of information. Dengue was shown to be positively associated with Social Determinants of Health in both groups, with more severe effects among pregnant women. The incompleteness of the data can limit the quality of information from the notification system and the national assessment of the situation of the disease in women of childbearing age and pregnant women.